Informatics Publishing Limited

B. S. Balakumar ¹, S. Kumaresan ¹, R. Venugopal ², V. Sivasubramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, RKM. Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai -600 004, IN
2 Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, South korea

Abstract

Arsenic, an element ubiquitous in the environment, causes serious health problems in humans. The general population is more exposed to arsenic through drinking water than through air and food. Sodium arsenite, capable of inducing genotoxic effects through oxidative stress, is evaluated for its clastogenic effect by the formation of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of Wistar rats. We also investigated whether the oral supplementation of α- tocopherol (400 mg/kg body weight) and ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg body weight) to arsenic-intoxicated rats (100 ppm in drinking water) for 30days, ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicity. We report that the dietary supplementation of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E could prevent sodium arsenite induced toxicity in rats under experimental conditions.

Keywords

Arsenic, Genotoxicity, Ascorbic Acid, α-tocopherol, Chromosomal Aberrations, Vitamins, Rat, Bone Marrow

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M. Jagannadha Rao ¹, J. Venkata Ramana ¹, R. Venugopal ¹, M. Chandra Rao ¹, N. Avataram ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, IN

Abstract

The so-called beach rock along the Visakhapatnam coast is exposed where the overlying placer deposit (sand dunes and red sediments) is eroded or removed. The morphology of samples reveals a well preserved density stratification, layering, grain size variation and alternate layering of light and heavy mineral fractions Textural characteristics confirm their derivation from beach environment. The mineral composition is similar to the present day beach sands and includes quartz, sillimanite, ilmenite and other opaques, monazite and zircon, with conspicuous absence of garnet X-ray diffraction analysis of the cementing matenal revealed the presence of siderite and himonite Study of polished beach rock specimens under the reflected light revealed exsolution features in ilmenite grains, similar to present day ilmenite Carbonate cementing matenal is replaced by secondary iron oxide. The associated flat pebbles are of quartzite and khondalite. The in situ occurrence of the beach rock along this part of the coast forms the physical evidence supportmg the coastal submergence during the Holocene transgression. The formation of beach rock is resultant of a combined marine and groundwater activity m the intertidal zone.

Keywords

Beach Rock, Holocene Transgression, Inter Tidal Zone, Placer Sand, Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh.

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Shrenivas Ashrit ¹, Ravikrishna V. Chatti ¹, S. Sarkar ¹, R. Venugopal ², G. Udayabhanu Nair ³

Affiliations
1 Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur - 831007, IN
2 FME Department, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, IN
3 Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, IN

Abstract

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is a powerful tool for analysing trace metals in environmental samples, industrial wastes and samples of biogenic nature. In the present study, this technique has been used to analyse the content of heavy metals in trace levels which specifically include elements like lead, cadmium, selenium and arsenic in LD slag fines. LD slag is the waste generated during the Linz– Donawitz steel making process or the basic oxygen furnace process. LD slag fines in the size range 0–6 mm are obtained after the recovery of metallic iron by means of physical separation in waste recycling plants, and are mostly recycled in sinter-making process. The non-metallic portion of LD slag fines is generally used as an aggregate in road construction, in acid mine drainage treatment and as an acidic soil conditioner. All these applications require a thorough analysis of trace and heavy metals as they can leach and penetrate into the soil and potentially contaminate it. The present study addresses this issue by analysing heavy metals in traces levels using ICP-MS. The analysis reveals that most of the heavy and hazardous elements are present in very low concentrations in the slag itself when compared with the EPA maximum allowed concentration in the leachate samples. However, the concentration of mercury in LD slag is more than the limit set by EPA in the leachate, and leachability of mercury needs to be studied further. The study also reveals that there are traces of platinum and palladium in the slag, indicating the requirement of future studies to understand their economic recovery.

Keywords

Heavy Metals, LD Slag, Mass Spectrometry, Fires, Steel Making.

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Shrenivas Ashrit ¹, Ravikrishna V. Chatti ¹, S. Sarkar ¹, R. Venugopal ², G. Udayabhanu ³

Affiliations
1 R&D Department, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831 007, IN
2 Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Dhanbad 826 004, IN
3 Applied Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826 004, IN

Abstract

In the present study, ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques were used to analyse and validate the content of heavy and trace elements in yellow gypsum samples produced by a chemical process from a solid waste generated at an integrated steel plant. The present study tries to demonstrate that the content of heavy metals like lead, mercury and arsenic in yellow gypsum is less than the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) norms set for a comparable industrial by-product phospho-gypsum. This study also concludes that yellow gypsum contains some elements (copper, boron, etc.) in traces, apart from heavy metals which are beneficial to plants as micronutrients.

Keywords

Heavy Metals, IICP-MS, ICP-AES, Trace Elements, Yellow Gypsum.

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S. Patra ¹, A. K. Dash ², R. Venugopal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Fuel & Mineral Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826 004, IN
2 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826 004, IN

Abstract

In this study, characterization is done to understand the occurrence, quantity and quality of the ore and its characteristic to establish its physico-chemical properties and to pave way for its beneficiation for economic use. The results indicated the liberation size for beneficiation to be below 150 micron, contains approx. 58% Fe, 2.53% SiO₂ and 4.30% Al₂O₃ . Different process such as hydro-cyclone, spiral concentrator and WHIMS were employed in series for the beneficiation of iron. The grade was significantly increased from 57.67% Fe in feed to 63.16% Fe in concentrate. Approx. 30% of SiO₂ present in feed is also reduced from 2.53% to 1.77% and approx. 50% of Al₂O₃ present in feed is removed.

Keywords

Iron Ore Slime, WHIMS, Spiral Concentrator, Hydro Cyclone.

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J. Praveen ¹, P. O. Nameer ², Ashish Jha ³, Anish Aravind ⁴, K. G. Dilip ⁵, Dipu Karuthedathu ⁶, George Tom ¹, Hari Mavelikara ⁷, Harikumar Mannar ⁸, Jafer Palot ⁹, Jaichand Johnson ¹⁰, R. Jishnu ¹¹, K. Maxim Rodrigues ¹², P. M. Mujeeb ¹³, L. Namassivayan ¹⁴, Naveelal Payyeri ¹³, P. P. Nesrudheen ⁶, S. Prasanth Narayanan ⁸, S. S. Prasanth ⁶, M. C. Prashantha Krishna ¹², E. S. Praveen ¹⁵, Praveen Velayudhan ¹⁴, Premchand Reghuvaran ⁵, Raju Kidoor ¹², R. L. Rathish ¹⁶, R. Roshnath ¹⁷, C. Sashikumar ⁹, Satyan Meppayur ⁹, A. K. Sivakumar ¹⁰, A. K. Sreedevi ⁸, B. Sreekumar ⁸, E. R. Sreekumar ¹⁸, P. B. Sumesh ¹⁹, R. Venugopal ¹⁴, Vinod Venugopal ²⁰, C. K. Vishnudas ²¹, Vishnupriyan Kartha ⁵, Vivek Puliyeri ⁶, Suhel Quader ²², Abinand Reddy ²², Abdul Raheem Puthiyeri ⁹, K. Abdul Riyas ⁹, R. S. Abhijith ⁸, Abhijith Surendran ⁸, Abhin M. Sunil ¹⁸, Abhinand Chandran ¹³, C. Abhirami ¹⁸, Abhirami M. Jayakumar ¹⁸, Abhishek Sebastian Peter ¹⁰, N. V. Afreed Muhammed ²², Afthab Faisal Katakath ¹⁸, P. Ajai ⁸, Aju K. Raju ⁷, P. M. Akhil ¹⁴, U. S. Akhil ¹⁶, U. S. Amal ²³, Anamika Menon ²⁴, Anas Ibinu Ansari ¹⁵, K. S. Aneesh ¹⁰, S. Aneesh ⁷, C. Anjana Hari ¹⁸, R. Anjitha ¹², P. N. Anoop Raj ²⁵, Anu John ¹¹, Anuradha Varma ⁵, S. S. Anushreedha ¹⁰, C. K. Aravind ⁹, Arjun Ramachandran ¹⁸, B. Arun ⁶, Arun George ¹⁵, Arun P. Gopi ¹⁹, Arun Varghese ⁵, Arya Vinod ¹⁴, Ashley Shaji ¹⁰, V. M. Ashok Raj ⁶, Ashwin Viswanathan ²², Aslam Mohammed ⁹, A. Aswin ¹⁸, K. S. Aswin ¹⁸, A. Azhar Ali ¹⁸, P. B. Balaji ²⁶, M. Bibin Paul ¹⁶, J. Chaithra Shree ²⁶, Chandrasekaran Venkatraman ¹, K. Charutha ¹², Clareena T. Jose ¹⁸, Clince P. Jose ⁹, Dalip Singh ¹⁸, Devika Sanghamithra ¹⁸, Digvijay Singh Sikarwar ⁵, Divin Murukesh ⁶, V. Divin ¹, Fauzia Arief ⁵, Jaydev Mandal ²², P. J. Sarlin ¹⁰, A. Adil Nafar ⁶, K. H. Amitha Bachan ²⁷, V. Rejitha ⁷, R. S. Vishnu Dev ¹⁶, B. Elias Rowther ¹⁰, Firosh Raja ¹⁸, Geetha Iyer ¹, Ginu George ⁵, T. U. Gireesan ⁸, P. K. Girish Mohan ⁹, Glen Preetesh Dsouza ¹², G. Govind ¹⁰, P. Greeshma ¹⁵, P. M. Hari Prasad ⁸, T. V. Hariharan ⁹, A. Harith ¹⁰, C. Harith ¹², B. Hemanth ¹⁰, Ijaas Mohamed ⁵, J. Patrick David ⁵, P. K. Jain ²², P. Jameela ¹⁵, G. Jayakrishnan ⁸, K. Jishnu ⁹, M. O. Jismi ¹⁸, Jithin Johnson ⁵, C. Joel Soniya ¹⁰, Jose Rani Babu ¹⁸, Joseph Roy ¹⁰, Jyothish Nelson ⁸, M. Jyothi Krishnan ¹⁸, K. Pranav Bhandary ¹², K. M. Jamaludheen ⁵, Kavingal Ravi ¹⁴, Karthik Thrikkadeeri ¹⁴, Kausthubh K. Nair ⁵, B. S. Kiran ²¹, Kiran S. Kumar ¹⁰, D. Kishore Raj ¹⁰, Kishore Kumar Panaganti ²², M. Krishna Moorthy ¹⁴, R. Krishna Murthy ¹, M. R. Krishnanunni ¹⁸, Latha Prabhakaran ⁵, K. K. Lathika ⁶, Libin Abraham ⁷, G. Hari Narayanan ⁸, Madhumita Panigrahi ²⁸, S. Manav ¹⁴, Manoj Karingamadathil ¹⁵, T. R. Manoj ²⁶, Manu Thomas ¹⁰, P. P. Manuel ¹⁵, Mebin George Varghese ⁸, P. Megha Chandran ¹², M. Mohammad Sulaiman ¹⁴, Mohammed Ashif Madathil ⁶, V. K. Mohammed Hirash ⁹, K. Mohammed Ramees ¹⁰, M. Sadique Thirunnavaya ⁶, A. P. Muhammed Niyas ¹⁰, C. T. Muhasin ⁶, Mukundan Kizhakkemadham ⁵, Naseerudheen Abdul Azeez ¹⁴, P. V. Nikhil ¹⁰, C. Niranjana ²⁹, Nisha Mundekad ³⁰, Nithin Mohan ¹⁰, A. Pavithra ⁵, Poornima Viswanathan ⁹, P. Pramod ²⁸, G. Prakash ²⁶, S. Prasath ²⁶, Prasoon Prakash ¹⁰, N. Preethi ¹⁴, Rahul Rajeevan ²², M. Rajaguru ¹⁴, V. Rajarajan ¹, Raju Sankaran ¹⁵, K. Ratheesh ¹⁰, Rayan Pradeep Crasta ¹², Remya Mohan ¹⁴, Renju ¹⁹, Robin C. Koshy ⁷, Rohan Rai ¹², Roshin Tom ²², Sachin Chandran ⁹, M. V. Sachinkrishna ¹⁸, M. V. Saeed Anvar Ali ¹⁴, Sajitha Siril ¹⁸, D. D. Samarth Bharadwaj ²², Samuel George ²², Sancia Morris ¹⁰, Sandeep Augustine ⁵, Sandeep K. Das ⁵, Sandie Morris ¹⁰, P. R. Sandra ¹⁵, T. K. Sanuraj ¹², Saurabh Sawant ¹, Savio Morris ¹⁰, K. Selvaganesh ²⁰, K. Shahil ²², N. N. Shahina ¹⁸, Shahul Valasy ⁹, P. K. Siji ¹⁵, Siju Joseph ⁷, R. Sivashankar ¹⁵, Siyad A. Karim ⁷, Sreehari K. Mohan ¹⁸, Sreehari M. Pillai ¹¹, M. Sri Sowmiya ⁹, K. T. Srinila ⁶, K. S. Subin ¹⁵, V. G. Sujith ¹⁰, Suryamol Sukumaran ¹⁰, M. S. Syamili ¹⁸, Tarun Menon ¹⁴, Tejas Praveen ¹, S. A. Thilak ⁵, Tony Antony ³¹, U. R Ullas ³², Vinod Ooralath Sivaji ⁷, Vishnu Narayanan ¹⁰, M. Vishnu Sreejith ⁹, A. Vivek Chandran ¹⁵, Vivek Sudhakaran ¹⁴, R. Vridhi ¹⁵, Wahiba Irshad Humam ¹⁸, Yadukrishna J. Uchummal ²², M. A. Yathumon ⁹

Affiliations
1 KeralaBirder, Ambadi, Kunnathurmedu, Palakkad 678 013, India, IN
2 College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
3 College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
4 Cochin Natural History Society, Revathi Bhavan, Edathala P. O., Aluva 683 561, India; Kottayam Nature Society, Sri Nilayam, Near Union Club, Kottayam 686 001, India, IN
5 Cochin Natural History Society, Revathi Bhavan, Edathala P. O., Aluva 683 561, India, IN
6 Malappuram Birders, Tirur, Malappuram 676 101, India, IN
7 Pathanamthitta Birders, Pathanamthitta 689 645, India, IN
8 Kottayam Nature Society, Sri Nilayam, Near Union Club, Kottayam 686 001, India, IN
9 Malabar Natural History Society, Susheela Mandir, B.G. Road, Nadakkavu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 011, India, IN
10 WWF-India, CO Madhavan Road, Ayyankali Nagar, Kunnukuzhy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 035, India, IN
11 Kollam Birding Battalion, Kollam 691 010, India, IN
12 Kasaragod Birders, Kasaragod 671 121, India, IN
13 Malabar Natural History Society, Susheela Mandir, B.G. Road, Nadakkavu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 011, India; Calicut Birders Club, Bellevue Dental Muthappan Complex, Patteri, Kozhikode 673 016, India, IN
14 Natural History Society of Palakkad, Palakkad 678 001, India, IN
15 Kole Birders Collective, Thrissur 680 555, India, IN
16 Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 673 576, India, IN
17 Malabar Awareness and Rescue Centre For Wildlife, Chettipedika, Kannur 670 004, India, IN
18 Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
19 Birders Ezhupunna, Puthiyaparambil (H), Ezhupunna South P. O, Cherthala. Alappuzha 688 537, India, IN
20 Young Birders Club, Palakkad 678 001, India, IN
21 Hume Centre for Ecology and Wildlife Biology, 4th Cross Rd, Subhash Nagar, Kalpetta, Wayanad 673 121, India, IN
22 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, ‘Amritha’, 12th Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 002, India, IN
23 Kollam Birding Battalion, Kollam 691 010, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
24 WWF-India, CO Madhavan Road, Ayyankali Nagar, Kunnukuzhy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 035, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
25 Natural History Society of Palakkad, Palakkad 678 001, India; Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore 641 108, India, IN
26 Sálim Ali Nature Forum, Coimbatore 641 108, India, IN
27 Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation, Extension Centre, MES Asmabi College, P. Vemballur, Thrissur 680 691, India, IN
28 Sálim Ali Nature Forum, Coimbatore 641 108, India; Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore 641 108, India, IN
29 Natural History Society of Palakkad, Palakkad 678 001, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
30 Cochin Natural History Society, Revathi Bhavan, Edathala P. O., Aluva 683 561, India; Malappuram Birders, Tirur, Malappuram 676 101, India, IN
31 Pathanamthitta Birders, Pathanamthitta 689 645, India; Kottayam Nature Society, Sri Nilayam, Near Union Club, Kottayam 686 001, India, IN
32 WWF-India, CO Madhavan Road, Ayyankali Nagar, Kunnukuzhy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 035, India; Kole Birders Collective, Thrissur 680 555, India, IN

Abstract

Citizen-science driven exercises (e.g. bird surveys) and online platforms (e.g. eBird) provide voluminous data on bird occurrence. However, the semi-structured nature of their data collection makes it difficult to compare bird distribution across space and time. Bird atlases are based on standardized surveys and des­cribe the distribution of bird species over a predefined region and have fewer biases, and thus are better suited for use in research. The recently concluded Kerala Bird Atlas (henceforth KBA) is Asia’s largest bird atlas in terms of geographical extent, sampling effort and species coverage. The entire state of Kerala was systematically surveyed twice a year during 2015–20 and over 0.3 million records of 380 species from 25,000 checklists were aggregated. The dataset was filtered and various metrics were estimated. A total of 915 cells were laid out for systematic surveys, of which 888 were surveyed in either or both the seasons – dry season (January–March) and wet season (July–September); 27 cells could not be surveyed in either of the seasons due to logistical constraints. However, this variation in sampling effort had a minimal effect on survey completeness. The slope of the species accumulation curve suggested near-complete species sampling in over 70% of the cells. After eliminating nocturnal and pelagic species, data from 361 species were analysed. Species count was higher in the dry season than in the wet season. Species richness (count) and evenness were higher in the northern and central districts than in the southern districts. High elevation regions of the southern Western Ghats were the largest contiguous areas lacking sufficient sampling. We found that most of the endemics were concentrated in the Western Ghats, but threatened species were as likely to occur along the coasts as in the Ghats. The KBA dataset is a valuable resource for testing various ecological hypotheses and suggesting science-backed conservation measures. KBA model could be replicated for similar atlases in other states or biogeographic regions of India

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